OSI ã®æŠèŠ
ARPA ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãéçºãããã°ããã®ãšããç§ãã¡ã¯ãããå¯èœãªéãã¹ããŒãã«ããããšåŒ·ãèããŠããŸããããããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãè€éã«ãªãã°ãªãã»ã©ãéçºãšç¶æãé£ãããªããŸãã解決çãšããŠããã¹ãŠã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ©èœãè«çå±€ã«åå²ããããšãææ¡ãããŸããã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯éçšã¢ãã«ã¯ãISO/OSI Open Systems Interconnection Base Reference Model ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ ã¢ãã«ãšåŒã°ããŸããç°¡åã«èšããšãOSI ã¢ãã«(Open Systems Interconnection) ã§ãã
ãã®ã¢ãã«ã«ã¯åèš 7 ã€ã®ã¬ãã«ããããŸããã¬ãã«éã®çžäºäœçšã¯å³å¯ã«æšæºåãããæå°éã«æããããŠããŸããäžäœã¬ãã«ã¯ãäžäœã¬ãã«ã®ååšãšãã®æ§é ã«ã€ããŠãŸã£ããç¥ããŸããã
æäžå±€ã¯ããããéä¿¡ããã ãã§ããéä¿¡ãã€ãŸãéä¿¡ããããŸããã圌ãããããããã©ããã¯åœŒã«ã¯åãããŸãããéä¿¡ããããŸãŸå¿ããããŸããã
ããé«ãã¬ãã«ã¯ãã§ã«ãããã®ã°ã«ãŒã (ãã¬ãŒã )ãæäœããŠããããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç©çããã€ã¹ã«ã€ããŠå°ãç¥ã£ãŠãããMAC ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãªã©ãç解ããŠããŸãã
次ã®ã¬ãã«ã¯ãããã§ãã圌ã¯ããã«è³¢ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæäœããæ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããŸããçã ã
ãªãããã ããå¿ èŠãªã®ã§ãããã? æè»æ§ãæ倧éã«é«ããããã
åå±€ã Java ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§ãããããã€ãã®ç°ãªãå®è£ ãæã€ããšãã§ãããšæ³åããŠãã ãããããã§ãããã§ããç©çã¬ãã«ã§ã¯ãæç·çµç±ã§ããããéä¿¡ããããç¡ç· (Wi-Fi) ã§éä¿¡ããããè¡æçµç±ã§éä¿¡ãããã§ããŸãããä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã¬ãã«ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠäœãç¥ããŸããããããŠãã¹ãŠãæå³ãããšããã«æ©èœããŸãã
OSIãããã³ã«ã¹ã¿ãã¯
以äžã®å³ã§ãããã³ã« ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã詳ãã調ã¹ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã ããã·ã¹ãã 管çè ã§ã¯ãªãå Žåã¯ããããã³ã«ã«ã€ããŠãã®ããã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æããå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸãããããã«èå³æ·±ãã®ã¯ãTCP (äŒéå¶åŸ¡ãããã³ã«) / IP (ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã ãããã³ã«) ãããã³ã« ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã®ç 究ãããããŸããã
OSI ã¢ãã«ã®äžäœ 3 å±€ãã€ãŸãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³å±€ãã»ãã·ã§ã³å±€ã¯ãTCP/IP ã¢ãã«ã§ã¯åå¥ã«åºå¥ãããŸãããTCP/IP ã¢ãã«ã«ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ã®äžã«ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ã®ã¿ããããŸãã
OSIã¢ãã«ã®å±€ããšã®ãããã³ã«ã®é åž
TCP/IP | OSI | |
---|---|---|
é©çš | é©çš | HTTPãSMTPãSNMPãFTPãTelnetãSSHãSCPãSMBãNFSãRTSPãBGP |
è¡šçŸ | XDRãAFPãTLSãSSL | |
ã»ãã·ã§ã³ | ISO 8327 / CCITT X.225ãRPCãNetBIOSãPPTPãL2TPãASP | |
茞é | 茞é | TCPãUDPãSCTPãSPXãATPãDCCPãGRE |
é信網 | é信網 | IPãICMPãIGMPãCLNPãOSPFãRIPãIPXãDDP |
ãã¯ãä»ã | ãã¯ãä»ã | ã€ãŒãµããããããŒã¯ã³ãªã³ã°ãHDLCãPPPãX.25ããã¬ãŒã ãªã¬ãŒãISDNãATMãSPBãMPLSãARP/td> |
ç©çç | é»ç·ãç¡ç·éä¿¡ãå ãã¡ã€ããŒç·ãèµ€å€ç· |
TCP/IPãããã³ã«ã¹ã¿ãã¯
TCP/IP ãããã³ã« ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã«ã¯ã次㮠4 ã€ã®å±€ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
- ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€
- ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€
- ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããå±€(ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€) (ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããå±€)
- ãªã³ã¯å±€ïŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å±€ïŒ
ãããã®å±€ã®ãããã³ã«ã¯ãOSI ã¢ãã«ã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ©èœãå®å šã«å®è£ ããŸããIP ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ããããã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒå¯Ÿè©±ã¯ãTCP/IP ãããã³ã« ã¹ã¿ãã¯äžã«æ§ç¯ãããŸãã
TCP/IP ãããã³ã« ã¹ã¿ãã¯ã¯ç©çããŒããŠã§ã¢ããç¬ç«ããŠãããç¹ã«ãæç·ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšç¡ç·ãããã¯ãŒã¯éã®å®å šã«ééçãªçžäºäœçšãä¿èšŒãããŸãã
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ãããå Žæã§ãã
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€
ããã°ã©ã ã®çžäºäœçšã«ã¯ãæ å ±äº€æã®ããã®é«ã¬ãã«ã®ãããã³ã«ããããŸããããšãã°ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ HTTP ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠåäœããã¡ãŒã«ã¯ SMTP ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠéä¿¡ãããTelegram ã¯ç¬èªã®æå·åããããããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠåäœããŸãã
ããããç§ãã¡ã¯ãã©ã€ããŒããããã³ã«ã«ã¯ããŸââãèå³ããããŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãFTP (ãã¡ã€ã«è»¢é) çšã® FTP ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããSSH (ãªã¢ãŒã ãã·ã³ãžã®å®å šãªæ¥ç¶)ãDNS (æåãã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãžã®å€æ) ãªã©ã®å€§éã®ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšãããŸãã
ãããã®ãããã³ã«ã®ã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã¯ TCP äžã§å®è¡ãããŸãããäžéšã®ãããã³ã«ã¯é«éåããããã« UDP (ãŠãŒã¶ãŒ ããŒã¿ã°ã©ã ãããã³ã«) äžã§å®è¡ãããŸãããã ããéèŠãªããšã¯ããããã®ãããã³ã«ã«ã¯ããã©ã«ãã®ããŒãããããšããããšã§ããäŸïŒ
- 20 FTP ãã TCP ããŒã 20 (ããŒã¿è»¢éçš) ããã³ 21 (å¶åŸ¡ã³ãã³ãçš)
- 22-SSH
- 23 - ãã«ããã
- 53 - DNS ã¯ãšãª
- 80-HTTP
- 443 - HTTPS
ãããã®ããŒãã¯ãNaming Assignment and Unique Parameters Agency (IANA) ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãã
ä»ã«ãããã€ãã®äžè¬çãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³å±€ãããã³ã«ããããŸã: EchoãFingerãGopââherãHTTPãHTTPSãIMAPãIMAPSãIRCãNNTPãNTPãPOP3ãPOPSãQOTDãRTSPãSNMPãSSHãTelnetãXDMCPã
ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€
ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ãããã³ã«ã¯ãä¿èšŒãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžé ä¿¡ã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãã
ã¡ãã»ãŒãž (ããŒã¿ ãã±ãã) ãéä¿¡ããããããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®ã©ããã§å€±ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®å Žåããããã®ç¶æ³ãç£èŠããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã¡ãã»ãŒãžãåéä¿¡ããã®ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ã®åœ¹å²ã«ãªããŸãã
ãã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ãããã³ã«ã®ãã 1 ã€ã®éèŠãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžãå°çããé åºãå¶åŸ¡ããããšã§ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãããé åºã§éä¿¡ãããå¥ã®é åºã§å°çããããšããããããŸãããããŠããã®ãããªæçãã倧ããªã¡ãã»ãŒãžããŸãšãããšããã³ã»ã³ã¹ã«ãªããŸãã
ãããé²ãããã«ããã©ã³ã¹ããŒãå±€ã¯ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãåæããããåã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®å信確èªãåãåããŸã§æ°ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãéä¿¡ããŸããããã®å±€ã«è«ççã«ååšããèªåã«ãŒãã£ã³ã° ãããã³ã« (IP äžã§å®è¡ããããã) ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯å±€ãããã³ã«ã®äžéšã§ãã
TCP ãããã³ã«ã¯ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãããŒã¿ ãããŒãæäŸããåä¿¡ããŒã¿ã«ãšã©ãŒããªãããšãä¿èšŒããæ倱ã®å Žåã«ã¯ããŒã¿ãåèŠæ±ããããŒã¿ã®éè€ãæé€ããããä¿èšŒããããæ¥ç¶ãäºåã«ç¢ºç«ããããã©ã³ã¹ããŒã ã¡ã«ããºã ã§ãã
TCP ã䜿çšãããšããããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®è² è·ã調æŽã§ããã ãã§ãªããé·è·é¢ã§ã®ããŒã¿éä¿¡æã®åŸ ã¡æéãççž®ã§ããŸããããã«ãTCP ã¯ãåä¿¡ããŒã¿ããŸã£ããåãé åºã§éä¿¡ãããããšãä¿èšŒããŸããããã UDP ãšã®äž»ãªéãã§ãã
UDPã¯ã³ãã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¬ã¹åã®ããŒã¿ã°ã©ã ãããã³ã«ã§ããããã¯ãåä¿¡è ãžã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®é ä¿¡ãæ€èšŒã§ããªãããšãããã³ãã±ãããæ··åãããå¯èœæ§ããããšããæå³ã§ããä¿¡é Œæ§ã®äœãã転éãããã³ã«ãšãåŒã°ããŸããä¿èšŒãããããŒã¿éä¿¡ãå¿ èŠãšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãTCP ãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŸãã
UDP ã¯éåžžããã±ããæ倱ã蚱容ãããåè©Šè¡ãå°é£ãŸãã¯äžåœã§ãããã㪠ã¹ããªãŒãã³ã°ãã²ãŒã ãªã©ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããŸãã¯æ¥ç¶ã®ç¢ºç«ã«åéä¿¡ãããå€ãã®ãªãœãŒã¹ãå¿ èŠãªãã£ã¬ã³ãž/ã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ (DNS ã¯ãšãªãªã©) ã§äœ¿çšãããŸãã
TCP ãš UDP ã¯äž¡æ¹ãšããããŒããšåŒã°ããçªå·ã䜿çšããŠäžäœå±€ãããã³ã«ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
GO TO FULL VERSION