while (numberOfApplesInBowl > 0) {
apple = bowl.grabNextApple();
arrangeInPie(apple.peel().slice());
numberOfApplesInBow--; // "--" is the decrement operator, which reduces the number of apples by one
}
System.out.println("The apples for the pie have been processed.");
命令語法
while語句的第一個變體是這樣的：
while (Boolean expression) {
// Loop body — the statement(s) that are repeatedly executed
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int base = 3; // The number that will be exponentiated
int result = 1; // The result of exponentiation
int exponent = 1; // The initial exponent
while (exponent <= 10) { // The condition for entering the loop
result = result * base;
System.out.println(base + " raised to the power of " + exponent + " = " + result);
exponent++;
}
}
控制台輸出：
3 raised to the power of 1 = 3
3 raised to the power of 2 = 9
3 raised to the power of 3 = 27
3 raised to the power of 4 = 81
3 raised to the power of 5 = 243
3 raised to the power of 6 = 729
3 raised to the power of 7 = 2187
3 raised to the power of 8 = 6561
3 raised to the power of 9 = 19683
3 raised to the power of 10 = 59049
Process finished with exit code 0
帶後置條件的循環
這是此循環的第二個變體：
do {
// Loop body — the statement(s) that are repeatedly executed
} while (Boolean expression);
public static void main(String[] args) {
int base = 3; // The number that will be exponentiated
int result = base; // The result of exponentiation
int exponent = 1; // The initial exponent
do {
System.out.println(base + " raised to the power of " + exponent + " = " + result);
exponent++;
result = result * base;
} while (result < 10000); // The condition for exiting the loop
}
控制台輸出：
3 raised to the power of 1 = 3
3 raised to the power of 2 = 9
3 raised to the power of 3 = 27
3 raised to the power of 4 = 81
3 raised to the power of 5 = 243
3 raised to the power of 6 = 729
3 raised to the power of 7 = 2187
3 raised to the power of 8 = 6561
Process finished with exit code 0
注意代碼的變化。將此與帶有前提條件的循環進行比較。
關於使用循環的有趣事實
循環體內的分支語句
有兩個語句會影響循環內的執行：break（我們將在下一章中更詳細地討論）和
繼續。
continue — 跳過當前迭代中循環體的其餘部分的執行並跳轉到 while 語句的布爾表達式的計算。如果表達式的計算結果為真，則循環繼續。
while (numberOfApplesInBowl > 0) {
apple = bowl.grabNextApple();
numberOfApplesInBow--; // "--" is the decrement operator, which reduces the number of apples by one
if (apple.isBad()) { // This method returns true for rotten apples
apple.throwInGarbage();
continue; // Continue the loop. Jump to evaluation of numberOfApplesInBowl > 0
}
arrangeInPie(apple.peel().slice());
}
continue語句常用於當滿足某個條件需要執行循環體中的語句時
。例如，我們可能希望在硬件傳感器被觸發時執行操作（否則，只需繼續我們獲取傳感器讀數的循環）或者我們可能希望僅在循環的某些迭代中計算表達式。在我們使用 while 循環計算平方小於數字個數的自然數的立方之和時，可以看到後一種情況的示例。使困惑？查看以下代碼：
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = 0; // Total amount
int i = 0; // Initial number in the series
int count = 20; // Number of numbers
while (i <= count) {
i++; // Get the next number — "i++" is equivalent to "i = i + 1"
if (i * i <= count) // If the square of the number is less than
continue; // the number of numbers, then we won't calculate the sum
// Jump to the next number in the loop
sum += i * i * i; // Otherwise, we calculate the sum of the cubes of numbers
} // "sum += i * i * i" is notation that is equivalent to "sum = sum + i * i * i"
System.out.println(sum); // Print the result
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int base = 3; // The number that will be exponentiated
int result = 1; // The result of exponentiation
int exponent = 1; // The initial exponent
while (true) {
result = result * base;
System.out.println(base + " raised to the power of " + exponent + " = " + result);
exponent++;
if (exponent > 10)
break; // Exit the loop
}
}
控制台輸出：
3 raised to the power of 1 = 3
3 raised to the power of 2 = 9
3 raised to the power of 3 = 27
3 raised to the power of 4 = 81
3 raised to the power of 5 = 243
3 raised to the power of 6 = 729
3 raised to the power of 7 = 2187
3 raised to the power of 8 = 6561
3 raised to the power of 9 = 19683
3 raised to the power of 10 = 59049
Process finished with exit code 0
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Print the second factors in a row
System.out.println(" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9");
int i = 2; // Assign the first factor to the variable
while (i < 10) { // First loop: execute as long as the first factor is less than 10
System.out.print(i + " | "); // Print the first factor at the beginning of the line
int j = 2; // The starting value of the second factor
while (j < 10) { // Second loop: execute as long as the second factor is less than 10
int product = i * j; // Calculate the product of the factors
if (product < 10) // If the product is a single digit, then we print two spaces after the product
System.out.print(product + " ");
else // Otherwise, print the product and one space after it
System.out.print(product + " ");
j++; // Increment the second factor by one
} // Go to the beginning of the second loop, i.e. "while (j < 10)"
System.out.println(); // Move to the next line on the console
i++; // Increment the first factor by one
} // Go to the beginning of the first loop, i.e. "while (i < 10)"
}
假設你有十個蘋果、兩隻手和一把刀。在現實生活中，您按照每個蘋果的相同算法依次剝整打蘋果。但是我們如何讓一個程序對每個蘋果做一個重複的動作呢？
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